欧盟碳中和目标及最新政策
European Union Carbon Neutrality Targets and Recent Policies
欧盟的目标是到 2050 年实现气候中和，在此过程中，到 2030 年，温室气体排放量应比 1990 年至少减少 55%。
欧盟最近颁布的《净零工业法案》为战略性净零技术产品的制造能力设定了基准。
The European Union aims to reach climate neutrality by 2050. In this path, greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced, at least, by 55% by 2030, compared to 1990.
The European Union has recently introduced the “Net-Zero Industry Act,” setting a standard for the production capacity of key net-zero technology products in the manufacturing sector.
该法案的三大目标是：
- 投资促进关键产品的生产能力，确保欧盟气候中和目标的实现
- 为欧盟的净零排放工业创建一个简单的法律框架
- 到 2030 年，利用国产清洁技术满足欧盟 40% 的国内需求
根据欧盟委员会提供的数据，到 2030 年，全球净零排放技术市场价值约为 6 亿欧元。
The three main objectives of the “Act” are:
⦁ Investments’ promotion in the production capacity of key products that can ensure the EU’s climate neutrality goals
⦁ Creation of a simple legal framework for the EU based net-zero industries
⦁ By 2030, cover 40% of the domestic needs in the EU with domestically produced clean technology
Based on data provided by EU Commission, by 2030 the net-zero global technology market is worthy about 600 million euro.
欧盟市场的机遇
Opportunities in the European Market
欧盟的碳排放目标引起了许多相关领域国际公司的兴趣。目前，世界上最大的生产基地和一些最好的技术解决方案都来自中国，因此，中国公司是最有兴趣把握这一机遇的潜在参与者之一。欧盟市场是一个巨大而开放的市场，即使在 2030 年之后，它仍将为外部参与者提供高达 60% 的市场份额，并且对于那些将研发和生产工厂设在欧盟境内的公司来说，他们将获得更多的机会和支持。
The EU’s carbon emission targets have captured the attention of numerous international companies operating within relevant sectors. Currently, the world’s largest production base and some of the most advanced technical solutions originate from China, making Chinese companies among the most interested potential actors, and partners, to seize this opportunity. The European market is vast and accessible; even beyond 2030, it will continue to offer up to 60% accessibility to external players. However, there will be even greater opportunities and support for companies that establish their research and development facilities and production plants within the EU.
在中国市场之外寻求新发展的企业，将不可避免地面临其市场知识之外的监管挑战。尽管如此，欧盟市场仍然因其规模、增长潜力、技术、政策支持和合作机会而吸引着中国的可再生能源企业。
Companies that seek to gain new ground outside China’s market will inevitably face regulatory challenges outside their own market knowledge. Despite this, the European market still appeals to Chinese renewable energy firms due to its size, growth potential, technology, policy support, and partnership opportunities.
在 “后疫情时代”，中国企业正从并购转向绿地投资。安永中国海外投资业务部全球主管周昭媚表示，在中国经济形势和政府指示的推动下，自2022年以来，中国绿地投资已超过并购，“‘接近消费市场’原则在中企海外布局的过程中已成为主要考量因素之一……未来，欧洲在可再生能源领域的投资与合作机会将继续增加”。
Chinese companies are shifting from M&A to Greenfield investment in the post-COVID era. Chinese greenfield investments have now surpassed M&A since 2022, driven by China’s economic conditions and government directives as stated by Zhou Zhaomei, Global Leader of Ernst & Young’s China Overseas Investment Network “The principle of ‘being close to the consumer market’ has become one of the main considerations in the overseas expansion process of Chinese companies… In the future, Europe’s investment and cooperation opportunities in the field of renewable energy will continue to increase.”
主要市场需求
Key market demands
多项技术的应用正以前所未有的速度增长，部分归功于欧盟《净零工业法案》的非弹性需求，该法案提出了到 2030 年要实现的宏伟目标，其中包括：
⦁ 600 千兆瓦太阳能光伏发电和太阳能热发电
⦁ 500 千兆瓦风电场
⦁ 各类电池的采集能力显著提高，锂材料的采集能力提高80%
⦁ 安装总共 600 万台供暖泵
⦁ 氢能应占欧盟能源结构的 2%，到 2050 年，达到 20%（20 年内增加 10 倍）
⦁ 生物甲烷和沼气年产量增加 350 亿立方米
⦁ 二氧化碳捕集与封存 (CCS) 至少达到8000 万吨，到 2040 年，至少应达到 3 亿吨
⦁ 大幅改进电网技术，从而所有相关设备均有巨大需求
综观上述目标，我们可以清楚地认识到，在与可再生能源相关的多个领域，这一市场提供了巨大而直接的机遇。
The deployment of several technologies is growing at an unprecedented rate partly thanks to inelastic demand from the EU’s Net-Zero Industry Act which has ambitious targets to achieve by 2030 including:
⦁ 600 GW of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal
⦁ 500 GW of wind farms
⦁ Significant improvements in all kind of batteries collection and up to 80% for lithium material
⦁ Totally 6 million units of heating pumps installed
⦁ Hydrogen should reach 2% of the European Union’s energy mix. Then, by 2050, 20% (ten times more in just 20 years’ time).
⦁ Increase biomethane and biogas production by 35 billion cubic meters per year
⦁ CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) at least 80 million tonnes. By 2040 it should become, at least, 300 million tonnes.
⦁ Substantial improvement in the grid technologies, then a large demand for all the related equipment.
Looking at above targets, it is clearly understandable the huge and immediate opportunities this market offers in several sectors related to renewable energies.
来源：欧盟 – 欧盟理事会总秘书处
Source: European Union – Council of the EU General Secretariat
在欧盟实现可持续合作的战略
Strategies to achieve sustainable collaborations in Europe
跨国扩张的主要目的是在不承担重大运营、财务和市场风险的情况下，进入新的市场以实现多元化和利润最大化。因此，选择正确的市场进入战略取决于各种因素，如公司的资源、能力、市场条件和目标的优先级。以下是帮助了解不同选择的一些步骤。
Cross border expansion mainly aims at accessing new markets for diversification and profit maximisation without taking material operational, financial and market risks. Therefore, selecting the right market entry strategy depends on various factors such as your company’s resources, capabilities, market conditions, and priority of objectives. Here are some steps to help to understand the different options.
1.直接进入市场：
- Direct Market Entry:
在欧盟关键市场建立生产工厂或子公司能够直接与当地消费者和利益相关者接触。这种方法能更好地控制运营，促进市场渗透。
Establishing a production plant or just a subsidiary in a key European market allows for direct engagement with local consumers and stakeholders. This approach provides greater control over operations and facilitates market penetration.
挑战：
高昂的初始投资和运营费用可能会使资源紧张，而不熟悉的法律框架和文化差异则会带来潜在的障碍。
Challenges:
High initial investment and operational overheads may strain resources, while navigating unfamiliar legal frameworks and cultural nuances poses potential hurdles.
降低风险的措施：
要降低这些风险，利用目标地点的专业服务至关重要。这样做不仅能缩短上市时间，还能最大限度地减少代价高昂的错误和错失良机的可能性。对这些服务的投资回报可以通过其促成的当地合作伙伴关系的质量来衡量，从而为您的计划创建一个量身定制的生态系统。这种方法可以降低与合规性和文化障碍相关的风险。此外，建立一支具有跨文化专业知识的多元化领导团队还能提高适应性和响应能力。仲欧脱碳科技（CNEUCN）强烈建议进行认真的市场调研，包括市场机会评估和 B2B 合作，以此作为这一过程第一步的最优选择。
Mitigation:
To mitigate these risks, leveraging professional services in the target location is crucial. Doing so not only reduces time-to-market but also minimizes the likelihood of costly errors and missed opportunities. The return on investment in these services can be gauged by the quality of local partnerships that are facilitated, thereby creating a tailored ecosystem for your initiative. This approach mitigates risks associated with regulatory compliance and cultural barriers. Additionally, establishing a diverse leadership team with cross-cultural expertise enhances adaptability and responsiveness. China Europe Carbon Neutral (CNEUCN) strongly recommends conducting diligent market research, including market opportunity assessments and B2B partnering, as the optimal first step in this process.
- 战略合作伙伴关系：
- Strategic Partnerships:
与成熟的欧盟公司或行业领导者合作能够利用现有的网络、资源和市场洞察力。合资企业或战略联盟可以共担风险，共享收益，实现优势互补，互惠互利。
Collaborating with established European companies or industry leaders enables access to existing networks, resources, and market insights. Joint ventures or strategic alliances offer shared risks and rewards, leveraging complementary strengths for mutual benefit.
挑战：
运营风险：一个常见的挑战在于如何初步确定合适公司的候选名单。虽然公司通常可以在初步阶段独立开展这项搜索工作，但它们往往缺乏专业知识，无法有效开展彻底的尽职调查和后续的外联工作，这种资源利用低效的情况会阻碍进展。战略风险：成功的合资企业必须与双方的目标和关键绩效指标（KPI）保持一致，实现互补协同。为实现共赢并确保企业的可持续性，KPI中的任何不一致或不完整都可能增加资源需求。
Challenges:
Operational Risk: One common challenge lies in the initial shortlist of suitable companies. While companies can often conduct this search independently during the preliminary stages, they frequently lack the expertise to perform thorough due diligence and subsequent outreach effectively. This inefficiency in resource utilization can hinder progress.
Strategic Risk: Successful joint ventures necessitate complementary synergies aligned with both parties’ goals and key performance indicators (KPIs). Any misalignment or incompleteness in KPIs may escalate resource requirements to achieve joint success and ensure the sustainability of the venture.
降低风险的措施：
有效利用专业知识和资源至关重要。这就得根据需要利用内部专业知识和外部资源，有效分配资源。在从确定目标到交易后整合的整个交易生命周期中，聘请业务咨询服务和行业专家可以提供宝贵的见解和指导。这些专家会评估财务业绩、关键绩效指标 (KPI)，并识别潜在的风险和机遇。利用这一支持可确保以完善的手段执行交易，优化结果并降低过程中的风险。
Mitigation:
Efficiently utilizing expertise and resources is paramount. This entails allocating resources effectively by tapping into both internal expertise and external resources as required. Engaging business consulting services and industry specialists can offer invaluable insights and guidance across the entire deal lifecycle, from identifying targets to integrating post-transaction. These experts assess financial performance, key performance indicators (KPIs), and identify potential risks and opportunities. Leveraging such support ensures a comprehensive approach to deal execution, optimizing outcomes and mitigating risks along the way.
- 技术许可或特许经营：
- Technology Licensing or Franchising:
向欧盟合作伙伴提供专利技术许可或特许经营既有的商业模式，能够以较低的前期投资迅速进入市场。这种方法可以利用当地合作伙伴的专业知识和基础设施，同时通过许可费或特许权使用费获得收入。欧盟市场也是一个成熟的市场，在知识产权控制方面有着完善的政策和规则。
Licensing proprietary technologies or franchising established business models to European partners allows for rapid market entry with lower upfront investment. This approach leverages the expertise and infrastructure of local partners while generating revenue through licensing fees or royalties. European market is also a mature market with well-established policy and rules about intellectual property (IP) control.
挑战：
这种选择在很大程度上依赖于当地合作伙伴的表现。尽管初始投资可能较低，但企业的成功完全取决于当地合作伙伴的效率。如果合作伙伴不能达到预期效果，即使投资不多，也会造成浪费。此外，在竞争激烈的市场环境中，时间也是一个关键因素，因为延误可能会让竞争对手抓住机会。因此，与效率低下的合作伙伴一起投入时间，可能会造成巨大损失。这突出表明，选择一个可靠、有能力的合作伙伴对确保事业成功至关重要。
Challenges:
This option places significant reliance on the performance of the local partner. Despite the potential for a lower initial investment, the success of the venture is entirely contingent upon the effectiveness of the local partner. Should the partner fail to deliver the expected results, even a modest investment could prove wasteful. Furthermore, time is a crucial factor in a competitive market environment where delays could allow competitors to seize opportunities. Therefore, investing time with an ineffective partner could result in substantial losses. It underscores the paramount importance of choosing a reliable and capable partner to ensure the success of the endeavour.
降低风险的措施：
对潜在合作伙伴进行全面的尽职调查，可以降低业务实践和预期成果不一致的风险。
Mitigation:
Conducting comprehensive due diligence on potential partners mitigates risks of misalignment in operational practices and expected results.
Case Study:
案例研究：
宁德时代与宝马的合作伙伴关系：宁德时代与宝马的合作关系就是一个显著的例子。宁德时代为宝马的电动汽车（包括宝马 i3 和 iX3 等车型）提供锂离子电池，这种合作关系可能涉及一项技术许可协议，宁德时代将其电池技术授权给宝马，用于其电动汽车。
CATL & BMW Partnership: One notable example is CATL’s partnership with BMW. CATL supplies lithium-ion batteries to BMW for its electric vehicles, including models such as the BMW i3 and iX3. This partnership likely involves a technology licensing agreement where CATL licenses its battery technology to BMW for use in its electric vehicles.
在欧盟的扩张：宁德时代一直在扩大其在欧盟的业务，包括在德国和匈牙利等国投资生产设施。这些扩张可能涉及与当地合作伙伴或客户签订技术许可协议，以促进欧盟市场电动汽车和储能系统用锂离子电池的生产和供应。
Expansion in Europe: CATL has been expanding its presence in Europe, including investments in manufacturing facilities in countries like Germany and Hungary. These expansions may involve technology licensing agreements with local partners or customers to facilitate the production and supply of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage systems in the European market.
来源：欧盟委员会，爱德曼国际公关公司，Carbon Gap
Source: European Commission, Edelman Global Advisory, Carbon Gap
结论
Conclusion
从本质上讲，欧盟市场是本地和非欧盟公司进军可再生能源领域的重要舞台。欧盟的宏伟目标是到 2030 年，可再生能源在其能源消费总量中所占比例 “至少达到 32%”，并力争提高到 “至少 40%”，因此，在欧盟决心到 2030 年将温室气体排放量减少 “至少 55%”的情况下，机遇是势不可挡的。
In essence, the European market stands as a pivotal arena for local and foreign companies expanding into the renewable energy sector. With the European Union’s ambitious goal of having “at least 32%” of its overall energy consumption supplied by renewables by 2030 and seeking to increase to “at least 40%”, the opportunities are undeniable as the EU is determined to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by “at least 55%” by 2030.
欧盟公司和非欧盟公司可以开展具有双边商业利益的协同合作，以便在非常紧迫的时间内实现先进设备的巨大需求这一具有挑战性的目标。
European and foreign companies can forge synergistic partnerships, yielding mutual business advantages, with the objective of meeting the demanding targets for high-tech equipment within a tight timeframe of substantial demand.
欧盟市场成熟、稳定、开放，以公平竞争为原则。向全球市场提供高质量解决方案的悠久历史使其成为一个极具吸引力的投资目的地，让投资者充分享受直接进入市场的优势。然而，要想在这一环境中游刃有余，就必须深入了解当地的商业文化、已实施的和即将实施的法规，这样才能正确地进入市场，并取得进一步的成功发展。
The European Union market boasts maturity, stability, and openness, built upon principles of fair competition. With a rich history of delivering top-tier solutions to global markets, it stands as an appealing investment destination, offering the benefits of a direct presence. However, effectively navigating this terrain necessitates a profound grasp of the local business culture and existing regulations, as well as anticipation of forthcoming ones, ensuring proper market access and subsequent successful development.
CNEUCN作为中欧之间的独特桥梁，在两地拥有实体机构以及宝贵的专家和商业伙伴团队，能为确保成功进入和拓展市场提供宝贵的见解和帮助。CNEUCN 拥有良好的业绩记录，对中欧两个市场都有深入的了解，是那些希望在跨境可再生能源市场上取得成功的公司的首选合作伙伴。
CNEUCN, with its unique position bridging China and Europe, by a physical presence in both regions and the valuable group of experts and business partners, offers invaluable insights and assistance to ensure successful market entry and expansion. With a proven track record and a deep understanding of both markets, CNEUCN is the partner of choice for companies looking to thrive cross border renewable energy market.
请邮件联系[email protected]，让我们直接进行1对1讨论。在接下来的文章中，我们将提供更多关于 “何处、如何、何时 “进入欧洲市场的基本信息。
Please contact us for a 1 to 1 direct discussion by sending email to [email protected]. In the upcoming newsletters we will provide further basic information about “where, how, when” approach to the European market.
仲欧脱碳科技有限公司中欧碳中和可持续城市发展平台项目将由为此项目成立的同名私营公司运营，旨在通过聚集各方优势，针对每一个课题制定出量身打造的解决方案，以全面和包容的工作方式为中国和欧洲的碳中和之路添砖加瓦。
仲欧脱碳科技 有限公司该平台将发挥积极和创新的作用，为实现碳中和所需的构想、塑造、设计和实现转型提供服务。
China Europe Carbon Neutral Technology aims to support and substantially contribute to China and Europe path towards carbon neutrality in a holistic and inclusive way by gathering all the stakeholders and creating solutions for each challenge.
China Europe Carbon Neutral Technology will play an active and innovative role in providing services to conceive, shape, design and accomplish the transitions needed to achieve carbon neutrality.
ZH