Turning global commitments into tangible action through forest finance, energy transition, and cross-border collaboration
通过森林金融、能源转型与跨境合作，将全球承诺转化为实际行动
Introduction
The 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP30) takes place from 10 to 21 November 2025 in Belém, the capital of Pará State, Brazil, a city at the heart of the Amazon region. The symbolic location set the tone: the lungs of the planet became the center of the world’s attention.
COP30 was jointly organized by the Government of Brazil in collaboration with the UNFCCC Secretariat, bringing together all 198 Parties to the Convention. It marked a defining moment for the global climate agenda, as countries are expected to present new and more ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in line with the Paris Agreement’s long-term temperature goals. The conference also serves as a platform to discuss the implementation of the Global Stocktake (GST) outcomes from COP28 and advance mechanisms for finance, adaptation, and loss-and-damage support.
Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva opened the conference calling it the “COP of Truth” — a turning point where words must finally translate into measurable, accountable delivery. This year’s summit focused on implementation, forest protection, and climate finance, signaling a new phase of realism in global climate governance.
引言
第三十届联合国气候变化缔约方大会（COP30）于2025年11月10日至21日在巴西帕拉州首府贝伦举行。这座位于亚马逊雨林腹地的城市以其象征意义为大会定下基调——地球的“绿色之肺”成为全球关注的焦点。
本届大会由巴西政府与《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）秘书处共同主办，汇聚了来自全球198个缔约方的代表。COP30被视为全球气候议程的重要节点，各国预计将提交更新且更具雄心的国家自主贡献（NDCs），以契合《巴黎协定》长期控温目标。大会同时也是落实COP28全球盘点（GST）成果的重要平台，重点推动气候资金、适应行动及损失与损害机制的进一步实施。
巴西总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦（Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva）在开幕致辞中将本届大会称为“COP的真谛”——一个从言语转向行动的关键时刻。本届会议聚焦落实机制、森林保护与气候融资，标志着全球气候治理正进入一个更具现实导向的新阶段。
Conference Background and Overview
Building on the outcomes of COP29, COP30 focuses on transforming the commitments of the Paris Agreement into tangible results during a decade defined by implementation and accountability.
Guided by the Global Stocktake (GST), COP30 frames negotiations and actions around six thematic axes: Transitioning Energy, Industry and Transport; Stewarding Forests, Oceans and Biodiversity; Transforming Agriculture and Food Systems; Building Resilience for Cities, Infrastructure and Water; Fostering Human and Social Development; and a cross-cutting theme—Unleashing Enablers and Accelerators through financing, technology, and capacity building. Together, these axes reflected a comprehensive approach linking mitigation, adaptation, and means of implementation.
Under the Action Agenda, thirty key objectives drive collaboration among governments, businesses, and civil society. These include tripling renewable capacity, accelerating low-emission technologies, conserving ecosystems, strengthening food and water security, and embedding resilience across cities and communities. The agenda placed particular emphasis on inclusion—ensuring women, youth, Indigenous peoples, and vulnerable populations were central to climate action and benefit from the transition to a sustainable economy.
Beyond negotiation tables, COP30 seeks to catalyze partnerships and innovation—turning policy into practice through shared technology, climate finance, and equitable growth. Positioned at the intersection of ecological urgency and social transformation, the conference aims to move from pledges to measurable progress, reinforcing global solidarity for a climate-resilient and just future.
大会背景与概况
继COP29成果之后，COP30聚焦如何在“落实与问责的十年”中，将《巴黎协定》的承诺转化为可衡量的实际成果。
以全球盘点（GST）为指导框架，COP30围绕六大主题议题展开谈判与行动：能源、工业与交通转型；森林、海洋与生物多样性保护；农业与粮食体系转型；城市、基础设施与水资源韧性建设；人类与社会发展促进；以及贯穿全程的跨领域议题——通过融资、技术与能力建设释放实施潜力与加速器。这六个议题构成了涵盖减缓、适应与实施手段的综合行动体系。
在“行动议程”（Action Agenda）框架下，共有三十项重点目标推动政府、企业与社会组织的协同合作。这些目标包括：实现可再生能源装机容量三倍增长、加速低排放技术应用、保护生态系统、强化粮食与水安全，以及提升城市与社区的韧性。议程特别强调包容性原则，确保妇女、青年、原住民及脆弱群体成为气候行动的核心参与者，并从可持续经济转型中受益。
除谈判议程外，COP30还旨在推动伙伴关系与创新合作，通过技术共享、气候融资与公平增长将政策转化为实践成果。作为生态紧迫性与社会转型交汇的关键节点，本届大会致力于从承诺迈向落实，推动建立更加公正与具备气候韧性的全球未来。
1.Key Messages from Heads of State: The Decade of Delivery
At the Leaders’ Summit, heads of state from across the globe echoed a unified message: the 2020s are the decade of delivery.
President Lula da Silva placed the Amazon at the heart of climate diplomacy, declaring that protecting forests and Indigenous lands is no longer an act of goodwill, but a global imperative. Hosting the COP in Belém — the gateway to the Amazon — underscored that the fight against deforestation is also the fight for climate stability, biodiversity, and social equity.
UN Secretary-General António Guterres reinforced that “this must be the COP that ignites a decade of acceleration and delivery.” He urged all nations to align their next round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) with the 1.5°C target, and to accelerate renewable energy deployment, adaptation investments, and climate finance delivery.
European and Asian leaders stressed that the implementation gap—the distance between pledges and action—has become the new credibility test. Many highlighted the need to transform finance from voluntary pledges into predictable, results-based flows.
The Leaders’ Declaration reaffirmed commitments to:
- Halt deforestation by 2030.
- Scale up climate finance, particularly for developing countries and forest nations.
- Expand cooperation in renewables, bioeconomy, and green hydrogen.
- Integrate Indigenous and local community participation into all forest and land-based mitigation programs.
1.各国领导人关键信息：落实的十年
在领导人峰会上，来自世界各国的国家元首共同传递了一个明确的信息：2020年代是落实行动的十年。
巴西总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦（Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva）强调，应将亚马逊置于全球气候外交的核心位置。他指出，保护森林与原住民土地已不再是善意之举，而是全球共同的责任。贝伦作为通往亚马逊的门户城市举办COP大会，凸显出抗击森林砍伐与维护气候稳定、生物多样性及社会公平之间的紧密联系。
联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯（António Guterres）呼吁：“本届大会必须成为推动加速落实的关键起点。”他敦促各国在下一轮国家自主贡献（NDCs）中与1.5℃目标保持一致，并加快可再生能源部署、适应性投资及气候资金落实进程。
来自欧洲与亚洲的领导人指出，“承诺与行动之间的差距”已成为衡量全球气候治理公信力的新标准。多位领导人强调，应将气候融资从自愿承诺转化为可预测、以成果为导向的机制。
领导人宣言重申了以下承诺：
- 到2030年停止森林砍伐；
- 扩大气候融资，特别是对发展中国家和森林国家的支持；
- 加强在可再生能源、生物经济与绿色氢能领域的合作；
- 确保原住民与地方社区充分参与所有与森林和土地相关的减缓项目。
2.Key Messages from Stakeholders: Forests, Finance, and Accountability
Beyond government leaders, COP30 showcased strong messages from civil society, Indigenous representatives, finance institutions, and business and investors.
2.1 Civil Society and Indigenous Voices
Indigenous leaders from Brazil, Peru, and Colombia demanded that the new climate finance mechanisms ensure direct access and benefit-sharing with local communities. Their statement — “No forest without us” — was adopted by several delegations as a moral benchmark for all forest initiatives.
2.2 Climate Finance and the “Tropical Forest Forever Facility”
A major highlight of COP30 was the launch and endorsement of the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), a multi-stakeholder fund aimed at providing permanent, results-based finance for tropical forest conservation and restoration. The facility, backed by multilateral banks and major economies, aims to mobilize up to US$30 billion per year by 2030, blending public finance with private-sector investment.
2.3 Business and Investors
Business and investor coalitions, including global renewable energy alliances and green finance networks, called for policy clarity and bankable project pipelines. The private sector stressed the need for measurable standards of carbon credit integrity, biodiversity credits, and forest-positive supply chains. Many participants also highlighted the growing demand for verified data, digital MRV systems, and ESG-linked financing tools, areas where EU and Chinese technology providers can play a decisive role.
2.利益相关方关键信息：森林、融资与责任
除各国政府领导人外，COP30同样展现了来自民间社会、原住民代表、金融机构及企业投资界的广泛声音。
2.1 民间社会与原住民声音
来自巴西、秘鲁及哥伦比亚的原住民领袖呼吁，新设立的气候融资机制应确保地方社区的直接参与与公平受益。他们在会上发表的共同声明——“没有我们的森林，就没有真正的森林”——被多国代表团引用，成为森林保护行动的重要道德准则。
2.2 气候融资与“永久热带森林基金”
本届大会的一项重要成果是“永久热带森林基金”（Tropical Forest Forever Facility, TFFF）的启动与通过。该基金作为多方参与机制，旨在为热带森林的保护与修复提供长期、以成果为导向的资金支持。基金由多边开发银行及主要经济体共同支持，计划到2030年每年动员最高达300亿美元，通过公共资金与私营资本的融合，实现稳定、可持续的资金来源。
2.3 商界与投资界观点
来自全球可再生能源联盟及绿色金融网络的企业与投资者联盟呼吁政策明晰化与可融资项目储备体系的建立。私营部门强调，应建立可量化的碳信用完整性标准、生物多样性信用体系及森林正向“供应链机制”。多方代表同时指出，市场对数据可核查体系（MRV）、数字化监测平台及ESG相关融资工具的需求日益增长，而这些领域正是中欧技术提供方可发挥积极作用的重点方向。
3.Implications for the China–EU Context: Cooperation Through Implementation
The “COP of Truth” carries major significance for the China–EU partnership, particularly in the context of green finance, sustainable infrastructure, and carbon neutrality.
3.1 From Climate Pledges to Project Pipelines
Both the EU Green Deal and China’s 2030–2060 carbon neutrality road-map emphasize implementation and measurable results. COP30’s call for accountability and results-based financing aligns with the EU’s sustainable taxonomy and China’s green finance classification, opening the way for mutual recognition and joint verification mechanisms.
3.2 Joint Opportunities in Forest and Nature-Based Solutions
The Amazon-centered agenda echoes China’s growing emphasis on ecological civilization and forest carbon sinks. China’s experience in large-scale reforestation and afforestation, combined with the EU’s expertise in nature-based standards and biodiversity accounting, creates potential for bilateral cooperation under global mechanisms such as the TFFF
3.3 Green Finance, Technology, and MRV Collaboration
Both sides can benefit from cooperation in digital MRV, climate data transparency, and carbon accounting software. European blockchain-based carbon registries and Chinese digital infrastructure could be combined to build scalable solutions for transparent climate project tracking.
Potential pilot provinces for such cooperation include Yunnan, Hainan, and Guangdong, where forestry, agriculture, and green finance initiatives are already active.
3.中欧合作启示：以落实促协作
“COP的真谛”对中欧在绿色金融、可持续基础设施及碳中和领域的合作具有重要意义，标志着双方合作正从政策层面的承诺走向以落实为核心的行动阶段。
3.1 从气候承诺到项目落地
无论是欧盟的《绿色新政》，还是中国“2030—2060”碳中和目标路线图，都强调执行效果与可衡量成果。COP30提出的问责机制与成果导向型融资理念，与欧盟可持续金融分类体系及中国绿色金融标准高度契合，为中欧绿色金融互认与联合核查机制的建立创造了条件。
3.2 森林与基于自然的解决方案合作机遇
以亚马逊为核心的议程，与中国不断强化的“生态文明”理念及森林碳汇建设重点相呼应。中国在大规模造林与生态修复方面积累了丰富经验，若与欧盟在自然解决方案标准化与生物多样性核算方面的技术与制度优势相结合，将为双方在永久热带森林基金（TFFF）等多边合作框架下拓展协作提供新的契机。
3.3 绿色金融、技术与MRV协作
中欧在数字化MRV体系、气候数据透明化及碳核算软件等领域具有互补性。通过结合欧洲基于区块链的碳注册技术与中国在数字基础设施建设方面的能力，双方可探索建立可扩展的气候项目追踪与信息公开解决方案。
云南、海南与广东等省份可作为潜在试点地区，这些区域在林业、农业及绿色金融实践方面已具备良好的合作基础。
4.Opportunities and Challenges for SMEs in China and the EU
For small and medium-sized enterprises, COP30 outcomes are more than global talk — they define the emerging market landscape.
4.1 New demand for green services: SMEs specialized in energy efficiency, building renovation, low-carbon materials, traceability, MRV technologies, or data management will find growing markets as both governments and corporations implement their COP30-aligned strategies.
4.2 Access to blended finance and pilot projects: Facilities like TFFF and EU–China green investment platforms will likely allocate resources to regional demonstration projects — accessible to SMEs able to prove technical innovation and scalable impact.
4.3 Compliance and standards readiness: Chinese exporters and European suppliers alike must meet rising environmental disclosure and due-diligence requirements. Those who invest early in compliance systems will gain long-term market advantage.
4.4 Regional opportunities in China: Pilot provinces such as Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guangxi, with rich forestry resources and growing clean-tech bases, are well-positioned to host China–EU collaborative projects in nature-based solutions and carbon accounting.
4.5 Tech examples: Chinese startups offering IoT-based forest monitoring or AI-powered carbon tracking tools can integrate with European partners providing MRV protocols and carbon credit certification services.
These cross-regional synergies reflect exactly the type of cooperation momentum that COP30 seeks to unlock.
4.中欧中小企业的机遇与挑战
对于中小企业而言，COP30的成果不仅是全球气候谈判的延续，更正在塑造新的市场格局。
4.1 绿色服务需求增长
随着各国政府与企业逐步落实与COP30目标相一致的战略，专注于能效提升、建筑改造、低碳材料、可追溯系统、MRV技术及数据管理的中小企业，将在相关领域迎来持续扩大的市场空间。
4.2 获取混合融资与示范项目机会
诸如永久热带森林基金（TFFF）及中欧绿色投资平台等机制预计将为区域性示范项目配置资源。具备技术创新能力与可规模化影响力的中小企业，有望成为此类项目的重要参与方。
4.3 合规与标准准备度提升
面对日益严格的环境信息披露与供应链尽职调查要求，中国出口企业与欧洲供应商都需提前布局合规体系。早期投入合规管理的企业将在长期竞争中获得制度优势。
4.4 中国区域合作机遇
四川、云南及广西等省份拥有丰富的森林资源与不断增长的清洁技术基础，具备推动基于自然的解决方案（NbS）及碳核算中欧合作项目的有利条件。
4.5 技术协同案例
中国初创企业可凭借物联网（IoT）森林监测或人工智能碳追踪工具等技术，与欧洲合作伙伴在MRV体系与碳信用认证领域开展对接，实现互补与协同创新。
这些跨区域协同的实践方向，正体现了COP30希望推动的合作动力与务实进程。
Conclusion: The Road from Belém to Beijing and Brussels
COP30 marks a profound transition from negotiation to implementation, from ambition to accountability. For the first time, the world’s attention turned not only to when climate promises will be fulfilled, but also how they will be delivered in measurable, transparent, and equitable ways.
For China and Europe, this new phase underscores their shared responsibility and a convergence of strengths. European institutions contribute mature frameworks for sustainable finance, regulatory alignments, and technology standards, while Chinese enterprises bring scale, speed, and innovation capacity. Together, these complementary assets form the foundation of a practical and result-driven partnership between China and Europe and transform global pledges into measurable results.
As the “COP of Truth” gives rise to the Decade of Delivery, cooperation between China and the EU will play a decisive role in transforming commitments into impact, advancing renewable energy, green finance, and nature-based solutions across continents.
CNEUCN stands prepared to contribute to this transition. Through its platform connecting business, policy, and innovation, CNEUCN promotes projects that translate policy frameworks into industrial application, bridging European expertise and Chinese innovation to accelerate progress toward carbon neutrality. By linking investment flows, technological solutions, and cross-border dialogue, CNEUCN aims to ensure that the vision emerging from Belém resonates equally in Beijing and Brussels, anchoring a new era of credible, collaborative, and sustainable climate action.
结语：从贝伦到北京与布鲁塞尔的道路
COP30标志着全球气候治理从“谈判阶段”迈向“落实阶段”，从“雄心表达”走向“问责执行”。世界的关注焦点首次从“何时兑现气候承诺”，进一步转向“如何以可衡量、可追踪、可公平的方式落实承诺”。
对于中国与欧洲而言，这一新阶段突显了双方在应对气候变化中的共同责任与互补优势。欧洲机构在可持续金融、监管对接与技术标准方面具备成熟经验，而中国企业则在规模化实施、创新速度与产业转化能力方面表现突出。二者的互补为中欧建立以成果为导向、务实推进的合作伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础，也为将全球气候承诺转化为可量化成果提供了现实路径。
随着“COP的真谛”开启“落实的十年”，中欧合作将在可再生能源、绿色金融及基于自然的解决方案等领域继续发挥关键作用，把承诺转化为行动，把行动转化为可见的影响。
仲欧脱碳科技（CNEUCN）将继续在这一进程中发挥平台作用。通过连接政策、产业与创新，CNEUCN推动政策框架向产业实践转化，促进欧洲经验与中国创新的有效对接，加速碳中和目标的实现。通过联通投资渠道、技术方案与跨境交流，CNEUCN致力于让源自贝伦的气候共识在北京与布鲁塞尔同样回响，推动一个更具公信力、协作性与可持续性的全球气候行动新时代。
Original source of pictures & information: COP 30 live updates archive | UNFCCC
图片来源&原文详情：COP 30 live updates archive | UNFCCC
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