A Comprehensive Framework to Accelerate Industrial Transformation, Enhance Competitiveness, and Achieve Climate Neutrality
加速产业转型、提升竞争力并实现气候中和的综合框架
Introduction
In February 2025, the European Commission unveiled the Clean Industrial Deal (CID), a transformative policy initiative designed to decarbonize Europe’s industrial sector while bolstering its global competitiveness. This comprehensive strategy integrates climate action with economic growth, energy security, and technological innovation, aiming to position Europe at the forefront of sustainable industrial transformation.
引言
2025年2月，欧盟委员会公布了《清洁工业计划》（Clean Industrial Deal, CID），这一变革性政策倡议旨在推动欧洲工业部门脱碳，同时增强其全球竞争力。该项综合战略将气候行动与经济增长、能源安全和技术创新相结合，致力于使欧洲站在可持续产业转型的前沿。
Key Pillars of the Clean Industrial Deal
Substantial Financial Mobilization
The CID introduces an Industrial Decarbonisation Bank, capitalized with €100 billion in public funds, intended to leverage an additional €400 billion from private investments. This financial mechanism supports clean technology research, innovation, and the decarbonization of energy-intensive industries such as steel, chemicals, and cement.
Affordable Energy Action Plan
To address high energy costs, the CID includes an Action Plan for Affordable Energy, aiming to save €260 billion annually by 2040. Measures encompass accelerating the deployment of renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and reforming electricity markets to ensure stable and lower energy prices for industries.
Simplification of Regulatory Frameworks
The CID seeks to streamline permitting processes for clean energy and industrial decarbonization projects through the forthcoming Industrial Decarbonisation Accelerator Act, expected in Q4 2025. Additionally, revisions to the State Aid Framework are planned to facilitate government support for renewable energy and clean technology initiatives.
Promotion of Circular Economy
Aiming to increase the EU’s circular material use rate to 24% by 2030, the CID emphasizes the development of a Circular Economy Act. This act focuses on enhancing recycling capacities, reducing dependency on imported raw materials, and fostering sustainable product design across industries.
Development of Lead Markets
The CID introduces initiatives to create lead markets for clean technologies by incorporating non-price criteria in public procurement and incentivizing private purchases of sustainable products. This approach stimulates demand for clean technologies and supports the growth of EU-based clean tech companies.
Skills and Workforce Development
Recognizing the importance of a skilled workforce in driving industrial transformation, the CID allocates up to €90 million through the Erasmus+ program to enhance education and training in clean technologies, digitalization, and entrepreneurship. The establishment of a “Union of Skills” aims to invest in workers, develop skills, and create quality jobs across the EU.
清洁工业计划的关键支柱
大规模资金调动
清洁工业计划设立了一家工业脱碳银行，注入1000亿欧元公共资金，旨在撬动额外4000亿欧元私人投资。这一金融机制将支持清洁技术研发、创新，以及钢铁、化工和水泥等能源密集型行业的脱碳转型。
经济实惠能源行动计划
为应对高昂的能源成本，清洁工业计划包含《经济实惠能源行动计划》，目标是到2040年每年节省2600亿欧元。具体措施包括加速可再生能源部署、提升能源效率，以及改革电力市场以确保工业能源价格稳定且更低。
监管框架简化
清洁工业计划将通过即将于2025年第四季度出台的《工业脱碳加速法案》，简化清洁能源和工业脱碳项目的许可流程。此外，欧盟还计划修订国家援助框架，以便利政府对可再生能源和清洁技术项目的支持。
循环经济推广
清洁工业计划强调制定《循环经济法案》，目标是到2030年将欧盟循环材料使用率提升至24%。该法案聚焦于增强回收能力、减少对进口原材料的依赖，并推动各行业的可持续产品设计。
领先市场培育
清洁工业计划推出多项举措，通过在公共采购中纳入非价格标准、激励私人购买可持续产品，为清洁技术打造领先市场。这一方式将刺激对清洁技术的需求，并支持欧盟本土清洁科技企业的发展。
技能与劳动力发展
鉴于熟练劳动力在推动工业转型中的重要性，清洁工业计划通过“伊拉斯谟+”项目拨款至多9000万欧元，加强清洁技术、数字化和创业领域的教育与培训。“技能联盟”的成立旨在投资劳动力、发展专业技能，并在欧盟范围内创造高质量就业岗位。
Implications Across Industrial Sectors
The Clean Industrial Deal (CID) is poised to reshape the entire industrial landscape of the European Union, delivering targeted support and systemic reforms across multiple sectors:
Steel and Metals: One of the most energy-intensive industries, the steel sector will benefit from dedicated funding to scale up hydrogen-based steelmaking and electrified arc furnaces. These technologies are essential for achieving deep decarbonization while maintaining competitiveness with global producers.
Chemicals: The chemical industry, responsible for significant GHG emissions, will gain access to financial and regulatory mechanisms to support electrification, green feedstocks (like bio-based or CO₂-derived inputs), and closed-loop recycling systems for plastics and solvents.
Automotive and Mobility: The CID encourages innovation in low-carbon mobility through support for electric vehicles (EVs), hydrogen-powered transport, battery recycling, and lightweight materials. It will also aid the supply chain localization for EV components in the EU.
Construction and Building Materials: The sector is a major contributor to emissions through concrete, cement, and glass production. The CID promotes the use of low-carbon cements, prefabricated components, and nature-based construction materials such as wood, hempcrete, and recycled composites, aligned with the EU’s Renovation Wave and EPBD (Energy Performance of Buildings Directive).
Textiles and Fashion: Circularity standards and product eco-design requirements will drive this sector towards closed-loop models, recycling technologies, and traceable, low-impact sourcing—reducing emissions and material waste in a historically resource-heavy industry.
Food and Agritech: While not traditionally viewed as heavy industry, the agro-industrial sector is included through sustainable processing, packaging, and the adoption of low-emission technologies such as biogas generation from food waste and energy-efficient refrigeration in the food supply chain.
Digital and Data Infrastructure: Data centers and cloud infrastructure—growing contributors to energy demand—will be supported in transitioning to renewable power, efficient cooling technologies, and smart-grid integration under CID-linked funding and standards.
Aerospace and Aviation Supply Chain: Although not explicitly targeted in CID’s headline documents, downstream supply chains in this sector are eligible for innovation funding related to biofuels, hydrogen aviation, and lightweight composites production.
Maritime and Shipbuilding: Ports and shipyards may benefit from energy-efficiency retrofits, electrification of auxiliary power, and support for building infrastructure around green fuels like ammonia and hydrogen.
This cross-sectoral approach ensures that the CID acts not only as a decarbonization policy but also as an industrial revitalization strategy that protects jobs, fosters innovation, and strengthens EU industrial sovereignty in the face of global competition.
对各工业领域的影响
清洁工业计划（CID）有望重塑欧盟整个工业格局，在多个领域提供针对性支持和系统性改革：
钢铁与金属行业:作为能源密集度最高的行业之一，钢铁行业将通过专项资金扩大氢基炼钢和电弧炉电气化技术的应用。这些技术对深度脱碳至关重要，同时能维持欧盟钢铁企业与全球生产商的竞争力。
化工行业:化工行业是温室气体排放的重要来源，将通过金融和监管机制获得支持，推动电气化、绿色原料（如生物基或CO₂衍生投入物）以及塑料和溶剂的闭环回收系统。
汽车与交通行业:清洁工业计划通过支持电动汽车（EV）、氢动力运输、电池回收和轻量化材料，鼓励低碳交通创新，同时助力欧盟电动汽车零部件供应链的本地化。
建筑与建材行业:该行业在混凝土、水泥和玻璃生产中产生大量排放。清洁工业计划推广低碳水泥、预制构件和木质、麻混凝土、再生复合材料等自然基建筑材料，与欧盟“翻新浪潮”和《建筑能效指令》（EPBD）目标一致。
纺织与时尚行业:循环经济标准和产品生态设计要求将推动该行业转向闭环模式、回收技术及可追溯的低影响采购，减少这个传统资源密集型行业的排放和材料浪费。
食品与农业科技行业:尽管农业工业传统上不被视为重工业，但清洁工业计划通过可持续加工、包装以及采用低排放技术（如食品废弃物生产沼气、食品供应链中的节能制冷）将其纳入支持范围。
数字与数据基础设施行业:数据中心和云基础设施的能源需求持续增长，将在清洁工业计划的资金和标准支持下，向可再生能源、高效冷却技术和智能电网集成转型。
航空航天与航空供应链:尽管清洁工业计划的核心文件未明确提及该领域，但其下游供应链有资格获得生物燃料、氢动力航空和轻量化复合材料生产相关的创新资金。
海运与造船行业:港口和造船厂可受益于能效改造、辅助动力电气化，以及氨和氢等绿色燃料相关基础设施建设的支持。
这种跨行业策略确保清洁工业计划不仅作为脱碳政策存在，更成为工业振兴战略——在全球竞争中保护就业、促进创新并增强欧盟工业主权。
Conclusion
The Clean Industrial Deal represents a significant step in the European Union’s commitment to achieving climate neutrality by 2050. By integrating financial support, regulatory simplification, and market development strategies, the CID provides a comprehensive framework for industries to transition towards sustainable practices. Stakeholders across various sectors are encouraged to engage with the CID’s initiatives to capitalize on the opportunities presented in this new industrial paradigm.
结论
《清洁工业计划》标志着欧盟在兑现2050年实现气候中和承诺方面迈出了重要一步。通过整合资金支持、简化监管框架及推进市场发展策略，该计划为各行业向可持续实践转型提供了综合框架。欧盟鼓励各领域利益相关方参与清洁工业计划的各项举措，以在这一新工业范式中把握机遇。
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