新视野：修订后的建筑能效指令对能效建筑市场和可再生能源市场的影响
New Frontiers: The Implication of the Revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in the Energy-Efficient Building Market and Renewable Energy Market
4月12日，欧盟理事会正式批准了关于建筑能效的更新指令。目前，建筑物占欧盟温室气体排放的三分之一以上，其中85%是在2000年之前建造的，而这些建筑中有75%的能源效率不足。改善建筑能效对于节约能源、实现2050年碳中和建筑库存至关重要。根据欧盟统计局的能源平衡数据和欧洲环境署的《2023年温室气体清单》显示，欧盟约 40% 的能源消耗发生在建筑物中，而欧盟三分之一以上与能源相关的温室气体排放来自建筑物，其中欧盟住宅约 80% 的能源消耗用于供暖、制冷和热水。
On April 12th, the European Union Council formally ratified an updated directive concerning the energy performance of buildings. Presently, buildings are responsible for more than a third of the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions, with 85% constructed prior to 2000, and 75% of those exhibiting inadequate energy efficiency. Addressing energy efficiency in buildings is imperative for conserving energy and realizing a carbon-neutral building stock by 2050. Eurostat energy balances and the EEA Greenhouse Gas Inventory of 2023 reveal that approximately 40% of energy consumption in the EU occurs in buildings, while over a third of the EU’s energy-related greenhouse gas emissions originate from buildings, with around 80% of energy consumed in EU residences allocated to heating, cooling, and hot water.
欧盟委员会于2021年12月15日作为“55套案”计划的一部分，向欧洲议会和欧盟理事会提出了修订建筑能效指令的提案，旨在实现2050年碳中和建筑库存。 根据更新的法规，所有新建筑必须在2030年前实现碳中和，而整个欧盟的建筑存量必须在2050年前实现碳中和。对于非住宅建筑，修订后的指令规定了最低能源性能标准，以限制每年每平方米的一次或最终能源使用量上限。
The EU Commission proposed a revision of the directive on energy performance of buildings to the European Parliament and the EU Council on December 15, 2021, as part of the ‘Fit for 55’ package, aimed at achieving a carbon-neutral building stock by 2050. Under the updated regulations, all new buildings must be carbon-neutral by 2030, and the entire EU building stock must achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. For non-residential buildings, the revised directive establishes minimum energy performance standards to limit the maximum amount of primary or final energy use per square meter annually.
根据新规定，到 2030 年，所有非住宅建筑的能效水平将超过能效水平最低的16%，到 2033 年将超过能效水平最低的26%，从而逐步淘汰能效水平较低的非住宅建筑。成员国可以选择对某些建筑，如历史或宗教建筑或军方所有的建筑，免于适用这些规定。
此外，欧盟成员国必须确保到2030年将住宅建筑的平均一次能源消耗量减少16%，到 2035 年减少20%-22%。至少有55%的减排应通过翻新最不节能的居民建筑实现，重点是通过技术和财政支持措施帮助弱势家庭。
According to the new provisions, by 2030, all non-residential buildings will surpass the energy performance of the bottom 16%, and by 2033, the bottom 26%, leading to the gradual phasing out of poorly performing non-residential buildings. Member states have the option to exempt certain buildings, such as historical or religious structures, or those owned by the military, from these regulations.
Additionally, EU member states must ensure that the average primary energy consumption of residential buildings is reduced by 16% by 2030 and by 20-22% by 2035. At least 55% of this reduction must be achieved through renovating the least energy-efficient residential buildings, with a focus on assisting vulnerable households through technical and financial support measures.
新指令下的节能建筑市场和可再生能源市场机遇
Opportunities for Energy-Efficient Building Market and Renewable Energy Market under the New Directive
为了实现建筑行业的脱碳目标，国家的翻新计划必须包括到2040年逐步淘汰化石燃料锅炉的路线图。更新后的规定还要求在新建筑、公共建筑和正在翻新的非住宅建筑中安装合适的太阳能系统，并提供可持续的交通基础设施，包括电动汽车充电站、未来的基础设施预先布线以及自行车停车位。
修订后的指令限制了不可再生一次能源的消耗，并实施了更严格的最低能效要求。因此，修订后的指令专注于能源效率和可再生能源，以实现零排放建筑。为了取得成功，必须实施符合《建筑能效指令》标准的更高能效等级，以减少能源需求，并采用可再生能源（如光伏、太阳能热能和风能）来满足剩余需求。
To decarbonize the building sector, national renovation plans must include a roadmap to phase out fossil fuel boilers by 2040. The updated rules also mandate the installation of suitable solar energy systems in new buildings, public buildings, and existing non-residential buildings undergoing renovation, alongside provisions for sustainable mobility infrastructure, including electric vehicle charging stations, pre-cabling for future infrastructure, and bicycle parking.
The revised directive has limited the consumption of non-renewable primary energy and has implemented a tightening minimum energy efficiency requirement. Thus, the revised directive focuses on energy efficiency and renewable energy to achieve zero-emission buildings. To be successful, it is critical to implement higher energy class ratings that align with Energy Performance of Building Directives standards to reduce energy demand and use renewable energy (e.g. photovoltaic, solar thermal and wind energy) to supply the remaining demand.
翻新建筑以提高能源效率不仅可以节省能源、降低费用，从而缓解能源贫困、增强能源独立性，还可以改善居住者的健康和福祉。此外，对能源效率的投资可以刺激经济增长，创造绿色就业机会，有利于欧盟的建筑业，该行业占欧盟附加值的约9.6%，雇佣了近2.5亿人，分布在530万家公司中，其中中小企业是最大的受益者。
欧盟委员会计划在2028年对该指令进行审查，以评估其在实施过程中取得的进展和获得的经验。
Renovating buildings to improve energy performance not only saves energy and reduces bills, thereby alleviating energy poverty and enhancing energy independence but also enhances the health and well-being of occupants. Moreover, investments in energy efficiency stimulate economic growth and create green jobs, benefiting the EU’s construction industry, which accounts for around 9.6% of the EU’s value added and employs nearly 25 million people across 5.3 million companies, with SMEs being the primary beneficiaries.
The EU Commission plans to review the directive by 2028 to assess progress and gained experience during its implementation.
1. 节能建筑市场
1. Energy-Efficient Building Market
修订后的指导方针通过引入更严格的能效标准和建筑要求，将节能置于优先地位，为企业创新产品以满足其标准提供了明确的监管框架。节能建筑市场的发展是由国际组织、政府和能源效率监管机构推动的。例如，能源效率标准、建筑规范以及如能源与环境设计先锋和能源之星等认证是促进节能建筑市场技术进步的政策。在政府的支持下，这些严格的标准为专注于节能建筑解决方案的企业提供了创新和发展符合或超过欧盟新要求的产品和服务的机会。
The revised directive prioritizes energy efficiency by introducing stricter energy performance standards and building requirements, creating a clear regulatory framework for enterprises to innovate products to meet its standards. The development of the energy-efficient building market is driven by international organizations, governments, and regulatory agencies for energy efficiency. For example, energy efficiency standards, building codes, and certifications like LEED and ENERGY START are some policies that facilitate technological advancement in the energy-efficient building market. Under government support, these stringent standards present an opportunity for businesses specializing in energy-efficient building solutions to develop products and services that meet or exceed the new requirements in the EU.
创新和技术进步在为外国企业提供创新解决方案，并满足欧盟市场对能效的需求方面发挥了至关重要的作用。建筑技术、节能应用和建筑材料领域的创新使得设计、建造和改造节能建筑变得更加容易。同时，节能建筑市场的尖端技术，如节能应用、空调（供暖、通风和制冷）系统、智能建筑系统和可再生能源集成，为全球企业提供了符合欧盟要求的解决方案，展示了巨大的潜力。例如，LED灯的效率比白炽灯高得多，能将95%的能量转化为光，而后者将90%的能量浪费为热量。通过为欧盟市场提供实现节能的创新产品，外国企业可以满足欧盟市场日益增长的节能需求。
Innovation and technological advancements have played a crucial role in foreign enterprises offering innovative solutions and addressing market demand for the EU market to achieve energy efficiency. Innovations in construction technologies, energy-efficient applications, and building materials have made designing, constructing, and retrofitting energy-efficient buildings easier. Meanwhile, cutting-edge technologies in the energy-efficient building market, such as energy-efficient applications, air conditioning (heating, ventilation and cooling) systems, intelligent building systems, and renewable energy integration, have showcased considerable potential for worldwide enterprises to offer solutions that align with EU requirements. For example, LEDs are much more efficient than incandescent bulbs, converting 95% of their energy into light, while the latter wastes 90% of their energy as heat. By offering innovative products for the EU market to achieve energy efficiency, foreign enterprises can address the increasing demand for energy-efficient building market.
Source: (Zagame, 2023)
案例分析：
Case Study:
势加透博（北京）科技有限公司于2011年由张学锋博士在北京创立，经过12年创业卓越发展，已发展成为国内高性能透平机械核心技术研制服务和创新研发及产业化的品牌。
环境控制压缩机应用于制冷、空调、供暖、高低温舱等人工环境的气悬浮无油离心式制冷/热泵压缩机。环境控制压缩机采用动压气浮轴承、高效气动设计、高效永磁电机、智能控制等独特技术，使ECC系列产品不仅具备节能、环保优势，而且具备无油、高可靠、免维护、低振低噪等突出特点。
Xeca Turbo (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. was founded in Beijing in 2011 by Dr. Zhang Xuefeng. After 12 years of entrepreneurial and outstanding development, it has developed into a domestic high-performance turbine machinery core technology development service and innovation R&D and industrialization brand.
Environmental control compressors are air-suspended oil-free centrifugal refrigeration/heat pump compressors used in artificial environments such as refrigeration, air conditioning, heating, and high and low temperature chambers.
The environmental control compressor adopts unique technologies such as dynamic pressure air bearings, high-efficiency pneumatic design, high-efficiency permanent magnet motors, and intelligent control. The ECC series products not only have the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, but also are oil-free, highly reliable, maintenance-free, and low vibration, noise and other outstanding features.
2. 可再生能源市场
2. Renewable Energy Market
欧洲理事会对能源效率和可持续发展的高度重视导致了对风能和太阳能等可再生能源的需求增加以满足严格的标准。在过去的二十年里，欧盟在有针对性的政策和措施的推动下，可再生能源的生产和消费迅速增加。然而，要实现到2030年零排放建筑的目标需要更高的可再生能源发展速度和欧洲能源体系的深刻变革。因此，这为专门从事可再生技术的外国企业进入欧洲市场并提供符合节能建筑实践的解决方案创造了机会。
The European policies strong emphasis on energy efficiency and sustainability led to a higher demand for renewable sources such as wind and solar to meet the stringent standards. Over the past two decades, renewable energy production and consumption have rapidly increased across the EU in response to dedicated policies and measures. However, to meet the target of zero-emission buildings by 2030 requires higher renewables development rates and a profound transformation of the European energy system. Therefore, it creates an opportunity for foreign enterprises specializing in renewable technologies to enter the European market and offer solutions that satisfy energy-efficient building practices.
在修订后的指导方针中强调建筑领域的能源效率，这为外国企业在欧盟市场展示其尖端的可再生技术提供了机会。在广泛的政府支持下，太阳能光伏制造业经历了显著增长，该技术在全球范围内也取得了显著进展。这种增长在关键市场，如中国、美国和印度尤为明显。例如，2022年太阳能光伏发电创造了近1300太瓦时的纪录，比2021年增长26%，是所有可再生能源技术中绝对增长最多的一年。通过提供尖端的可再生能源发电技术，外国企业可以满足不断发展的欧洲市场需求，并确立自己在可再生能源行业的关键地位。
With the revised directive placing a strong emphasis on energy efficiency in the building sector, foreign enterprises have the opportunity to demonstrate their cutting-edge renewable technologies in the EU market. Amid widespread government support, the solar PV manufacturing sector has experienced remarkable growth, with the technology gaining momentum on a global scale. This surge is particularly evident in key markets such as China, the United States, and India. For example, solar PV generated a record of nearly 1,300 terawatt-hours in 2022, up 26% from 2021 and logging the most considerable absolute generation growth of all renewable technologies in 2022. By offering cutting-edge renewable energy generation technology, foreign enterprises can address the evolving needs of the European market and establish themselves as key players in the renewable energy sector.
结论
Conclusion
修订后的建筑能效指令旨在到2030年实现零排放建筑，并将欧盟的建筑存量转变为零排放建筑存量，目标是到2050年实现。修订后的指令通过实施更高的能源产品等级评级和使用可再生能源来提高能源效率，以实现零排放建筑。
The revised directive on building energy performance aims to achieve zero-emission buildings by 2030 and transform the EU’s building stock into a zero-emission building stock by 2050. The revised directive addresses energy efficiency by implementing higher class ratings for energy products and using renewable energy to achieve zero-emission buildings.
修订后的指令政策为具有先进、高效且价格合理的解决方案的节能建筑和可再生能源企业提供了前所未有的机遇。
The revised directive policy presents unprecedented opportunities for energy efficient-building and renewable energy players with advanced, efficient and affordable solutions.
在CNEUCN，我们专注于为中国企业提供宝贵的洞察力和全面的协助，帮助它们无缝进入欧洲市场。我们拥有一支专注于脱碳的专家团队，并与长期合作伙伴紧密合作。我们提供定制化的市场洞察，促进战略伙伴关系的建立，确保与欧洲可持续发展标准保持一致。从市场进入策略到合规性和品牌建设，我们全面的支持将助力企业在欧洲茁壮成长。
At CNEUCN, we specialize in facilitating seamless entry into the European market for Chinese companies by providing invaluable insights and comprehensive assistance. With a dedicated scientific committee and long-term partners focused on decarbonization, we offer tailored market insights, facilitate strategic partnerships, and ensure alignment with European sustainability standards. From market entry strategies to regulatory compliance and branding, our holistic support empowers businesses to thrive in Europe.
参考资料：
Sources:
- Cover Picture: The Sign by Progetto CMR. Available at: https://www.progettocmr.com/project/the-sign/
- The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (2023) Deloitte Malta. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/mt/en/pages/sustainability/articles/the-energy-performance-of-buildings-directive.html.
- Johnson Controls acquires hybrid energy to enhance industrial heat pump portfolio (2024) Johnson Controls Inc. Available at: https://investors.johnsoncontrols.com/news-and-events/press-releases/johnson-controls-international-plc/2023/01-13-2023-135508960.
- Overview (2024) First Solar. Available at: https://www.firstsolar.com/en/About-Us/Overview.
- Rapid progress of key clean energy technologies shows the new energy economy is emerging faster than many think – news (2023) International Energy Agency. Available at: https://www.iea.org/news/rapid-progress-of-key-clean-energy-technologies-shows-the-new-energy-economy-is-emerging-faster-than-many-think.
- Renewable energy (2023) European Environment Agency. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/renewable-energy?
- Towards Zero-emission buildings by 2050: Council adopts rules to improve energy performance – Concilium (2024) European Council of the European Union. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/04/12/towards-zero-emission-buildings-by-2050-council-adopts-rules-to-improve-energy-performance/.
- Zagame, K. (2023) Energy-efficient homes 2023: Top 33 energy facts and statistics, EcoWatch. Available at: https://www.ecowatch.com/energy-efficiency-stats.html.
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仲欧脱碳科技有限公司中欧碳中和可持续城市发展平台项目将由为此项目成立的同名私营公司运营，旨在通过聚集各方优势，针对每一个课题制定出量身打造的解决方案，以全面和包容的工作方式为中国和欧洲的碳中和之路添砖加瓦。
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China Europe Carbon Neutral Technology aims to support and substantially contribute to China and Europe path towards carbon neutrality in a holistic and inclusive way by gathering all the stakeholders and creating solutions for each challenge.
China Europe Carbon Neutral Technology will play an active and innovative role in providing services to conceive, shape, design and accomplish the transitions needed to achieve carbon neutrality.
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